1.
$ ssh username@servername command
used to login to server
2$ pwd it
prints present working directory
3$ ls -l
listing the files in present directory
4$ cd..takes
you to previous Dir
5$ mkdir
<directory>will create directory
6$
mkdir -p /home/user1/d1/d2/d3will
create all the non-existing Dir’s
7$ vi
<file_name>opens file for reading/editing
8$ cat
<file_name>display contents of file
9$ more
<file_name>displays page by page contents of file
10$ grep
<pattern> file_namechecks pattern/word in file name
specified
11$ head
<file_name>shows first 10 lines of file_name
12$ touch
<file_name>creates a zero/dummy file
13$ ln file1
file2 creates link of file1 to file2
14$ cp <file1>
<file2>Copy a file
15$ mv <file1>
<file2>Move/rename a file or folder
16$
clearclears the scree
17$
whoDisplays logged in user to the system.
18$ file
<file_name>shows what type of file it is like
19$wwill
display more info abt the users logged in
20$ ps
-efshows process
21$ which
<file_name>shows if the file_name/command exists and
if exists display the path
22$ rm
<file_name>will delete file specified$
rm * Delete all the files in the present directory (BE
CAREFUL WHILE GIVING THIS COMMAND)
23$ find .
-type f -print -exec grep -i <type_ur_text_here> {} \;this
is recursive grep$ find / -name <file_name> -print
24$ tail
<file_name>shows last 10 lines of fileuse tail -f
for continous update of file_name
25$ chmod 777
<file_name>changes file_name/directory permissions
use –R switch for recursive
26$ chown
owner:group <file_name>changes owner & group for
the file_name
27$ chgrp
<groupname> <filename>use –R for recursive
28$ rsh -l
<login_name> <server_name>
29$ rcp file1
file2Copying file to remoter servers (This requires
pre-configuration on remote servers like .rhosts & hosts.equiv)
30$ gunzip
<file_name>unzips file name$
gzip <file_name>zips file_name
31$uncompress
<filename>uncompresses filename
32$ compress
<file_name>compresses file_name
33$ bc -lbench
calculator
40$ crontab
-lShows the cron jobs running/scheduled for the current
user.-->$crontab -l > present_cronjobs-->edit/add entries to
present_cronjobs-->$crontab present_cronjobs (This will
submit/resubmit the jobs in file presnt_cronjobs to CRON)
41$ at$
at -l will show the at jobs scheduledat – schedule a job to run
later timeat <time> command/script (will run the script at
specified time)
42killing an unwanted process$ps
–ef | grep <process_name> (will show the PID of
the process in the 2nd field)$kill -9 <PID>$
kill -3 <PID>Used to take threaddump of java process
43$ nohup
<cmd_name> &nohup is very useful command. it
runs the command even the telnet connection is closed/broken.& is
used for running command in background.
44$ uptimewill
show how long the system has been up and also shows cpu load, number
of users logged in etc.
45$
lastWill show the users
logged in/out informationlast <user_name> shows particular
user logins/logoutslast reboot shows all the system boots
46$
idshows current user's UID,
username and GID and group name
47$
hostidshows unique identifier
of host
48$ uname
-awill show system name, solaris version, platform and
some more information
49$
isainfo -vshows
supported platforms (32-bit, 64-bit)
50$
hostnamewill give your system
name.
51$
envList the environmental
variables set to your current session
52$ rm -
<-filename>for deleting special files$
rm "<file name>"delete file names with
spaces in between
53$ useradd
<username>Adding a user to the system$
userdel <username>Deleting a user from the system
54$ echo
$TERMShows terminal type like vt100, vt220 etc.($PATH,
$ORACLE_HOME etc can be used with echo)
55$
du –sk <dir/file name>Display the size of
the files/folder
56$ df -kwill
show all the mounted filesystems.
57$ mountwill
show all mounted file systems with additional info like large
filesystem support etc
58$
pkginfo Gives/shows
info about installed packages/software on system
59$ showrev
–pshows all patches installed on system
60$ init 0will
shutdown the system
61$ init 6will
reboot the system (other init options are 1, 2, 3, 5 and S)
62$ alias
l='ls -l'alias dir='ls -l|grep "^d"'alias
p='pwd'alias c='clear'Short cuts for commonly used commands
63tar -cvf
allfile.tar /<directory_name> copies all files
under directory to allfile.tar$ tar -xvf
allfile.tar /homeretrieves tar files to /home
directory$ tar -tvf allfile.tar reads
contents of allfile.tar
64$
/usr/sbin/ifconfig -aWill show the ip-address of the
system.lo0 : loopback interfacehme0 : hundred MBPS n/w interfaceqfe0
: quad ehternet interface
65$ ping
<hostname>will ping and test connectivity between
your system and the hostname you give in the ping.you can also give
ping <ip-address>
66$ set -o
viWhile your shell is set to KSH use this command to
display history of commands you are typingPress ESCAPE and k for
showing previous commands
67$ ifconfig
unplumb hme0 will disable ehternet interface hme0
68$ ifconfig
plumb hme0 will enable hme
069$ mount
will show the disks mounted and all partitions
70$ top shows
all process and memory, cpu etc utilisation
71$ prtconf
shows h/w, cpu, memory conf
72$
cd /usr/platform/sun4u/sbin/prtdiag -v
shows additional configuration of memory, cpu speed etc..
73$ sysdef
shows system h/w, memory, and other internal
configurable/tunable paramters
74$ sar –A
system archive report, gives total system report for cpu,
memory, disk, etcc
75$ mpstat
shows multi cpu statistics like load on each cpu.
76$ iostat
disk utilisation, cpu, io wait etc (iostat -xcM gives
extented statistics of disk activity, cpu etc)
77$
vmstat memory and virtual memory utilization
78$ prstat
shows process related statistics (present from solaris 2.7
and above)
79$ netstat
shows network statistics
80$ lsof -p
<pid>List the opened files for the process
81$ psrinfo
gives processor/s information (online/offline)
82$ truss -p
<PID>shows system calls and signals (useful when
debugging process)
83$ stty erase
^Hsets backspace for deleting typed character
84$ strings
<file_name>shows printable strings in any type of
file (binary, object, text etc)
85$ formatwill
show all the disks configuration and partitions
86$ prtvtoc
shows disk partition/geometry info
87$ uadmin 2 0
stops system immediately within 5 seconds(BE CAREFUL--
has to be to root)
88$ halthalts
processor and reboots machine (BECAREFUL -- has to be root)
89$ adb
debugging tool (for reading/debugging corefiles)
90$ dos2unix
<filename>Convert dos formatted file to unix format
91$ mkfile 60m
<swap file name>creates a filename of size 60mb
which can be used for adding to swap space
92$ swap -a
<swap file name>attaches the 60mb file to swap space
(Very useful when swap space is running out)
93$ swap -l
lists the swap contents
94$ sleep
5waits for 5 seconds (useful in shell scripts)
95$ cat
<file_name> |awk '{print $1}'Prints the first field
of the filed ($1, $2... can be used to display more fields)
96:1,$s/<old>/<new>/guse
the above for global replacement of text in ascii files using vi
editor
97:1,$s/^M//gremove
Ctrl M character in text files using vi editor
98$ ksh –x
<file name.sh>Will compile the shell file line by
line
99PS1=[$(hostname)]'$ORACLE_SID@$PWD>'Add
this entry on .profile , you can view the hostname ,
$VARIABLE,current directort path
100$ipcs
–mbWill provide the shared memory information
101$
mailx -s"<Subject Name>" user1@cognizant.com.com <
file.txtWill
send this file.txt to a mail$
uuencode $file $file| mail -s "<Subject Name>"
user1@domian.comWill
send the files as an attachment.
Important
Directories to Remeber
/
Root Directiry of unix system
/usr/bin
This directory cotains all user level unix commands
/usr/sbin
This directory Contains administrative related commands
/usr/lib
This directory contains libraries
/etc
This directory contains system configuration files
/var/adm
This directory contains system/application logs.
/etc/rc.d
This directory Contains all startup scripts.There will be more of
this kind rc2.d, rc3.d, rc0.d, rc5.d, rc6.d each
directory has scripts which will run in its own run level.
/opt In general, this directory used to
install the 3rd party optional packages.
/proc
This contains the snapshot of the system process and memory
status.
Important files to
remember
/etc/passwd it
will show all the logins, home directories of the users.
/etc/shadow
shows password encryption info and other user related info (only root
has access to this file)
/etc/system
This file has all n/w, h/w, memory etc tunable
parameters
/values/etc/inittab This
file defines the default run level of the system.
/etc/hosts
This file contains the list of hosts/IP address
/etc/services
This file contains the port/service Name
/etc/nsswitch.conf
This file is used to configure which services are to be used to
determine information such as hostnames, password files, and
group
/etc/ntpd.conf This file is
used to configure Network Time Deamon
/etc/inetd.conf
This file tells which ports to listen to and what server to start for
each port
/etc/syslog.conf This file
have the configuration log file location and rotation sequence
/etc/sudoers contains the
list of user names with the command allowed to execute by the user
with additional privileges
/etc/fstab
This file contains the list of file system and it mount
points
/etc/resolv.conf contains the
DNS server names for the name resolution
No comments:
Post a Comment